Welcome to Patna University Journal

Patna University Journal is a Multidisciplinary International Refereed Research Journal devoted to the publication of original, relevant and current research findings and quality review articles. The Journal is publishedonce in a year (during January-February). The submittedmanuscriptare given to the appropriate editors who choosereferees for the review of the paper. However, if a paper is judged unsuitable for the Journal by the editor, it will be rejected without external review. The journal tries to follow a strict policy for peer review by appointing reviewers (excluding members form the Editorial and Advisory Boards of the journal) who are experts in their respective fields. The manuscripts are also checked for plagiarism as per anti-plagiarism policy of Patna University based on the guidelines of UGC.

Editorial Board

Chairman:

1. Professor Rash Bihari Prasad Singh, Ph.D.

2. Vice Chancellor, Patna University, Patna

Advisory Members:

1. Professor Dolly Sinha, Ph.D., Pro Vice Chancellor, Patna University, Patna, Bihar
2. Professor Sudeepto Adhikari, Ph.D., Former Vice Chancellor, Patna University, Patna, Bihar
3. Professor Arun Kumar Sinha, Ph.D.,Former Dean and Head Department of Statistics, Central University of South Bihar, Gaya, Bihar
4. Professor R. K. Sinha, Ph.D.,Vice Chancellor Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Katra, Jammu and Kashmir
5. Professor B. K. Mishra, Ph.D.,Course Coordinator Department of Disaster Management, Nalanda Open University Patna and member of advisory committee Raj Bhawan of Bihar
6. Professor Kumudani Sinha, Ph.D.,Member of Board of Studies Mahatma Gandhi Central UniversityMotihari, Bihar
7. Professor P. K. Poddar, Ph.D., Course Coordinator Department of History, Nalanda Open University Patna, Bihar

Editor-in Chief:

1.Professor Shanker Ashish Dutt, Ph.D. Head, Department of English, Patna University, Patna, Bihar

Editors:

1. Professor Khagendra Kumar, Ph.D.,Head Department of Education, Patna University, Patna, Bihar
2. Professor Md. Sharif, Ph.D.,Dean Faculty of Law, Patna University, Patna, Bihar
3. Professor Usha Verma, Ph.D.,Dean Faculty of Social Sciences, Patna University, Patna, Bihar
4. Professor Ramesh Shukla, Ph.D.,Head Department of Geology, Patna University, Patna, Bihar
5. Professor N. K. Jha, Ph.D.,Dean Student’s Welfare, Patna University, Patna, Bihar

Associate Editors:

1. Professor Parimal Kumar Khan, Ph.D.,Department of Zoology, Patna University, Patna, Bihar
2. Professor Sunita Roy, Ph.D.,Head Department of PMIR, Patna University, Patna Bihar
3. Dr Stuti Prasad,Ph.D.,Department of English, Patna University, Patna, Bihar
4. Dr Dilip Ram, Ph.D.,Department of Hindi, Patna University, Patna, Bihar
5. Dr Sumita Singh, Ph.D.,Department of Physics, Patna University, Patna, Bihar
6. Dr Ashim Lal Chakraborty, Ph.D.,Department of Commerce, Patna University, Patna Bihar
7. DrAshok Kumar Jha, Ph.D.,Department of Physics, Patna University, Patna, Bihar

Publisher:

Col. Manoj Mishra,
Registrar
Patna University
Patna-800005 (INDIA)